The link between low serotonin and eating disorders
A number of studies suggest that those prone to anorexia or bulimia nervosa have a special dietary need for tryptophan, which is an amino acid precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is essential for good sleep and mood as well as appetite control.
One can develop a sub-optimal level of serotonin for a number of reasons. For example, there may be a lack of the raw materials in the diet for serotonin to be made (including protein, zinc and vitamin B6); inherited deficiencies; seasonal variation; lack of exercise; or altered tryptophan metabolism.
In order for tryptophan to cross the blood brain barrier to make serotonin, secretion of insulin is needed. The quickest way to raise insulin is to eat simple carbohydrates, such as dried fruit or unfavourable refined carbohydrates such as chocolate. This may go towards explaining why those suffering with an eating disorder, particularly during a binge, frequently eat simple carbohydrates. The simple carbohydrates provide sugar which triggers insulin secretion and this in turn increase tryptophan and serotonin levels in the brain, which elevates mood, reduces cravings and satisfied appetite.
A key step with nutritional therapy is therefore to look at correcting a serotonin imbalance and to elevate mood using nutrient rich foods and sometimes supplements. For example, supplementing with 5-HTP, plus zinc and B6, may be useful, together with changes to the diet. Ideally the diet should include easily assimilated foods containing good quality protein such as quinoa, fish, eggs, ground seeds and sprouted legumes.
If you suffer from an eating disorder, or disordered eating patterns, feel free to contact us to discuss your personal situation, or book a nutrition appointment to see us in one of our London clinics.
Julia
Tags: Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, eating disorders, mood swings
